Genetically Modified Organisims By: Jay Kalidindi: 2015

Tuesday, February 10, 2015

My GMO

I have decided to make my broccoli actually taste good for once by adding cocoa to this vegetable. By doing this I think that more kids will start to eat broccoli and get a nice supply of vitamin A. In order to make this change you are going to need cocoa beans and broccoli. There will be many benefits to this genetically modified broccoli. Some of the benefits are: parents don't have to worry about their children not getting vitamin A, and children will be happy when they have broccoli. Some of the risks of this product are: Some children who are allergic to cocoa may eat this broccoli which could lead to problems. The consumers who are eating this product should know the facts of what they are getting in their food and what are side effects to this product. The producer of this product should have some ethical considerations on modifying the original product. Farmers and consumers should know the stakeholders behind this product. Stakeholders are the individuals, organizations, communities, agencies and governments with a vested interest in the issue. A stakeholder that consumers should consider are the ones that have the company label the product, and also know how much cocoa is being added. The producer should survey a group of parents to see how much cocoa should be added to the broccoli, because to much cocoa could lead the obesity.

Process

First you want to gather all the information about cocoa and broccoli
Then you want to identify the gene that you would extract from cocoa
After that you are going to have to extract the gene from the cocoa and transfer it into the broccoli
You then have to plant the seed and let the broccoli grow
Lastly you have to make sure that is okay for people to eat and it contains the same amount of nutrition.

Scientists identified the gene from the cocoa that would make the broccoli sweet.

Enzymes were used to cut the gene out

The microscopic gold pellet was used to extract the DNA

The new genetically modified seeds are grown for the kids to eat.

The Process Used to Create GMO

The Process used to create GMO

There are many steps to the process of creating a genetically modified papaya. There used to be a conflict in Hawaii about a disease that was called Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV). This virus destroys fruit and in young plants ability to grow fruit. PRSV is transmitted by insects that feed on the fruit.

The Process

First before starting you want to know about the existing knowledge and conflict about the structure, function or location of this product.
Next you have to determine whether genetic engineering is the most effective way to solve a plants's problem.
Third you want to identify the gene that could solve the problem.
Extract a gene from the virus organisim and transfer it into the plant so that it can protect itself from the virus.
Plant the new seed and test it
Make sure your new genetically modified fruit is safe for people to eat and it contains the same amount of nutrition.

The Structure and Role of DNA

DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is a nucleic acid that is the makeup of all living cells and viruses. DNA is made up of four subunits, which are known as nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made up of three different types of material: a sugar, a phosphate, and a base. Nucleotides are the same except for their bases there are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. They each have a slightly different shape. A famous bioscientist named Erwin Chargaff discovered that the the amount of adenine always equals to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine always equals to the amount of cytosine. These four bases are usually referred by the first letter of their names. The DNA structure is in the type of a twisted ladder or a double helix. The two sides of the ladder are made of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules. The DNA's job is to be able to supply instructions for the cell process and for building the cell structures.

Sunday, February 8, 2015

Bibliography

References

Francis Crick. (n.d.). Retrieved February 08, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick
James Watson. (n.d.). Retrieved February 08, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson
Process of Developing Genetically Modified (GM) Crops - African Biosafety Network of Expertise (ABNE). (n.d.). Retrieved February 05, 2015, from http://www.nepadbiosafety.net/subjects/biotechnology/process-of-developing-genetically-modified-gm-crops
Rosalind Franklin. (n.d.). Retrieved February 08, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin
What is DNA? (n.d.). Retrieved February 04, 2015, from http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/basics/dna

What is Genetic Engineering?

Genetic Engineering (GMO)

GMO stands for Genetically Modified Organisms, GMO is a plant that has been genetically modified through the addition of a small amount of genetic material from other organisms through molecular techniques. GMO was discovered by a Russian scientist Anderi Nikolaevitch Belozersky. After him many people worked with this method to solve rising conflicts with food products. An example of when you would use GMO, is when you are having problems in your food product, or when you want or, make your product tastier or change the color of the inside of your product you would probably add an artificial set of instructions to that food product's DNA to make it sweeter or etc. By doing this it may look like there is no harm but this can lead to cancer and can really damage your body. Examples of GMO are: BT Corn, Golden Rice, Papaya, The Flavr Savr Tomato, and many more. United States Department of Agriculture USDA does it's best to try to stop GMO but farmers use it in their organic crops so much it's really hard to stop them.

Historical Contributions of James Watson, Francis Crick, and Rosalind Franklin

Historical Contributions of

James Watson, Francis Crick, and Rosalind Franklin

James Watson was a American molecular biologist, geneticist who is best known for helping discover the structure of DNA. Francis Crick was an English molecular biologist , biophysicist , and neuroscientist who is known for also being a co-discoverer of the DNA molecule in 1953 with James Watson. Rosalind Franklin was an English chemist and X-ray crystallographer who made made contributions to understand the structure of DNA. These three people came together to understand the structure and role of DNA. According to DNA From the Beginning, "In mid-March 1953 , using experimental data collected by Rosalind Frankiln, James Watson, and Francis Crick deduced the double helix structure of DNA." James Watson and Francis Crick won the Nobel Peace Prize in physiology and medicine in their 1953 determination of the structure of DNA. Rosalind Franklin played a huge role in this contribution but she died before she could earn this award.

The Functions of Genes and Proteins

A gene is a segment of DNA that carries hereditary instructions passed from the parent to the offspring. According to the Tech Museum of Innovation, "Genes are often called the blueprint for life, because they tell each of your cells what to do and when to do it." Every person has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and control of the body's tissues and organs. Proteins are made up of thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains. Protein is an important substance found in every cell in the human body. Except for water, protein is the most supplied substance

in your body.